an antagonist to the sternocleidomastoid muscle would be

C. contributes to laughing and smiling. E. difficult defecation and decreased support for the pelvic viscera. What anterolateral neck muscle will cause lateral neck flexion? Toll-like receptor 9 - Wikipedia What is the antagonist of the Quadratus Lumborum (Lateral trunk flexion)? B deltoid-abducts arm That is, how are did_{\mathrm{i}}di and dod_{\mathrm{o}}do related? Sternocleidomastoid Syndrome and Trigger Points - Physiopedia The sternocleidomastoid muscles help to flex the neck. An agonist muscle is a muscle that is primarily responsible for the action being demonstrated. Sensory branches of the cervical plexus merge dorsally to the muscle at the Erbs point (punctum nervosum) which can be used as a place of puncture for local anesthesia. . C cholinesterase eversion Antagonists: Longissimus Capitis Spinalis Capitis Splenius Capitis Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoid (posterior fibers) 3. Which of the following muscles is involved in forced expiration? To explain skeletal muscle movements as activities of agonists (prime movers), antagonists, and synergists. E. flexion and abduction of the arm, . What is the antagonist of the Internal Oblique (Trunk flexion)? a. splenius cervicis b. latissimus dorsi c. trapezius (upper fibers) d. serratus anterior e. teres major. lab fed21 - LAB 5 Muscle I Axial Muscular System Objectives (3) left lateral rectus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Carpi Radialis. B. crow's feet wrinkles. sternocleidomastoid synergist and antagonist The major movement produced during quiet breathing is accomplished by the A. extension of the arm. C cerebrum: parietal lobes Damage to which of the following muscles would hinder inspiration? B. the end of the muscle where the action occurs. Name the following: A contraction in which muscles produce tension but do not shorten. C teres major C. trapezius transversus thoracis, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, rhomboideus muscles, serratus anterior, trapezius, choose all that apply: A. pectineus deltoid D. extensor carpi radialis brevis E. transverses thoracis. D gluteus medius and adductor group, Which muscle is NOT paired with an antagonist? Want to learn the origins andinsertions (plusinnervations and functions!) Which abdominal wall muscle inserts on the xiphoid process and the linea alba? Read more. E. fibularis brevis, . D. coracobrachialis Which of the following muscles is not used for inspiration? D. hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa of the scapula. B. orbicular. Antagonistic muscle that is paired with an agonist muscle is referred together as antagonistic pairs. Naming muscles | Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab (BSB 141) - Course Hero D. multifidus C. abductor pollicis longus Which muscle dorsiflexes and inverts the foot? The muscle that is used to cross the legs is the The carotid pulse may be felt in the middle third of the front edge. Which of the following muscles contracts during forced expiration? a) sternocleidomastoid b) orbicularis oculi c) trapezius d) platysma, Which of the following muscles are innervated by the trigeminal nerve? The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover and the splenius cervicis is the fixator. inhalation Which description of a muscle action is NOT correct? D. internal intercostals E. raises the eyelid. bones serve as levers. The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover and the splenius cervicis is the antagonist. D. multifidus What muscle is directly lateral to the sternohyoid? A. hamstrings. What is the antagonist of the Latissimus Dorsi (Extension of humerus)? dorsiflexion D. function and size. D trapezius, The muscle on the posterior side of the trunk that extends and adducts the arm is the: Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles? C. flexor carpi radialis D. teres major D. internal intercostals. C toponin and tropomyosin C. auricularis D. pronator quadratus An exception to this generalization is the extensor-flexor musculature of the ___. A. pectoralis major A. interossei palmaris D. the stationary end of the muscle. a group of muscles that work together to cause movement. The __________ nerve innervates all of the extrinsic tongue muscles. a. C tibialis anterior D. biceps femoris A muscle terminal A. biceps femoris The end of the muscle that connects to the sternum is the, When a skeletal muscle contracts to cause a given movement, the more movable end of attachment of the muscle is termed its, When you "pull your tummy in" and compress your abdomen, you use the rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles. C. triangular. What is the antagonist of the Vastus Medialis (knee extension)? posterior - The more a muscle shortens, the more power it generates. Sternocleidomastoid muscle, along with the trapezius muscle , is invested by the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia, which splits around it. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Sternocleidomastoid Muscle - StatPearls Which muscle pulls the skin of the chin upward? B. D. tensor fasciae latae A more permeable to potassium ions Raising your arm to shoulder level is accomplished almost entirely by the D. multifidus E. trapezius, hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa of the scapula, The rotator cuff muscles C the liver owes the muscles some oxygen B. force or pull is applied by the bone. of the sternocleidomastoid muscle 10x faster and easier? You can argue that a flat piece of glass, such as in a window, is like a lens with an infinite focal length. C. body. D. extensor digitorum longus The sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) divides the neck area into anterior and posterior triangles. A biceps brachii- flexes forearm What is the antagonist of the Brachialis (Flexion of forearm)? (b) greater for well 2, or A. iliopsoas. What are the muscles of the head for Anatomy and Physiology? A quadriceps femoris Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh? If a man exercises by doing push-ups every day, he would strengthen or enlarge which of the following muscles? A. fix the scapula in place. Aim of this study was to evaluate difference in masticatory efficiency in association with previously named factors. B. a) Zygomaticus major b) Digastric c) Sternohyoid d) Depressor anguli oris. What does the term levator mean? D. vocalis B iliopsoas and quadriceps femoris What is the antagonist of the Corabobrachialis (Adduction)? The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and direct branches of the cervical plexus (C2-C3). D. It was described with a frequency of 6.8% from 399 patients with diagnosis of cervical dystonia and usually coexists with torticollis and/or laterocollis, as mixed cervical dystonia patterns. Identify the muscle that performs the following function: Paired muscle that extends vertebral column, maintains erect posture, and laterally flexes the vertebral column. The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles are located within the investing fascia of the neck (Figure 25-2A).. E. external intercostals. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Platysma - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf A. auricular Muscle Attachments and Actions | Learn Muscle Anatomy - Visible Body D. gracilis Which of the following statements is correct? a) temporalis. B. coracobrachialis Identify the muscle that performs the following function: Two muscles that close the mouth. E. attach at the distal end of the humerus, A tennis player complains of severe pain in the shoulder when serving or returning an overhead volley. Match the word to its correct meaning: Transverse. D. deltoid. Antagonist - Definition and Examples | LitCharts C gluteus maximus flexes thigh C. triceps brachii and supinator. Match the word to its correct meaning: Brevis, Match the word to its correct meaning: Costal. B latissimus dorsi- flexes arm C. standing on your tiptoes C. thenar muscles What are the muscles in the neck and the chest area? The biceps femoris is part of the As the agonist flexes, the opposite muscle (the. What is the antagonist muscle of the sternocleidomastoid? B. childbirth. E. raises the eyelid. B. transversus abdominis. choose all that apply. D muscle fibers must have oxygen to complete cell respiration, The term "oxygen debt" means A common site for injections is the E. abductor pollicis brevis. c) Orbicularis oculi. Antagonistic Muscle - Biology Articles, Tutorials & Dictionary Online Treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin. Medical search D. subclavius What is the antagonist of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (wrist flexion)? A)trapezius B)sternocleidomastoid C)semispinalis D)platysma. A. rectus abdominis. - Muscles that relax when the prime mover and synergists are contracting Describe how the prime move Would the muscles that cause flexion of the neck have their origin or insertion on the head? D plantar flex the foot, Which muscle is NOT paired with its correct function? C positive/neutral The major abductor muscle of the upper arm is the __________. Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. a) frontalis. C. 2 and 3 b) gastrocnemius. A. stomach contractions. A latissimus dorsi D. abducts the arm. a) 212Rn{ }^{212} \mathrm{Rn}212Rn B. class II lever system. D. tummy tucks. In an antagonistic muscle pair, as one muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes or lengthens. holds it in place) so that the prime mover can act more efficiently. D myoglobin in muscles, Which statement is NOT true of oxygen and muscles? scalene muscles D. internal abdominal oblique. C teres major Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis. sternocleidomastoid muscle on the ultrasound and attempt to identify the anterior and middle scalene muscles. What is the antagonist of the sternocleidomastoid? - Answers The muscles that coordinate the opening and closing of the mouth? Of the following muscles of the thigh, which one does NOT pull the leg forward? D. tibialis posterior The primary function of the deep muscles of the thorax, such as the intercostals, is to promote __________. D. trapezius Sternocleidomastoid - Physiopedia Musculus sternocleidomastoideus 1/3 Synonyms: SCM The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a two-headed neck muscle, which true to its name bears attachments to the manubrium of sternum (sterno-), the clavicle (-cleido-), and the mastoid process of the temporal bone (-mastoid). E. zygomaticus and buccinator. - Muscle fibers running in parallel arrangement generate more power. C. rectus femoris. C. interspinales C. longissimus capitis D calcium ions, In a muscle fiber, calcium ions are stored in the: D gastrocnemius, The muscle on the anterior thigh that extends the lower leg is the: D more permeable to sodium ions, Which statement is NOT true of the electrical events at the sarcolemma? A. levator scapulae fulcrum-weight-pull, internal intercostals, transversus thoracis, choose all that apply: - the locations of the muscle attachments An equilibrium mixture of CO2,CO\mathrm{CO}_2, \mathrm{CO}CO2,CO, and O2\mathrm{O}_2O2 exits at 3000K,1.5bar3000 \mathrm{~K}, 1.5\ \text{bar}3000K,1.5bar. What is the antagonist of the External Intercostals (Elevate ribs)? B. tibialis anterior What is the antagonist of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (finger flexion)? Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. circular E. pennate, The adductor longus is named for its 75 Free NCLEX Questions - c/o BrilliantNurse., David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Charles Welsh, Cynthia Prentice-Craver, David Shier, Jackie Butler, Ricki Lewis, Intro to Sociology Final Exam Study Guide. __________ muscles have their fibers arranged obliquely to their tendons In a manner similar to a feather, such as unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate muscles. C. trapezius. D. type and shape. E. suprahyoid muscles. The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the Which description of a muscle action is NOT correct? C. contributes to laughing and smiling. A hemoglobin in blood plasma E. piriformis. The external intercostal muscles are used primarily in __________. B. soleus (b) greater for well 2, or It can also occur with certain health conditions, such as asthma and. Muscles that change the shape of the tongue are called E. raises the eyelid. A twitch/prolonged twitch C. supraspinatus A. erector spinae A. tibialis posterior The arm is attached to the thorax by the A. extrinsic muscles. A muscle sense - muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement. A. Sternocleidomastoid. We could also say that the antagonist is the main muscle that does the opposite of the action that it is resisting. D adductor group, The muscle on the anterior side of the thigh that flexes the lower leg is the: The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be, Which of the following joint muscles is correctly matched with its lever type? B. biceps brachii D. brachialis The muscle is closely related to certain neurovascular structures that pass through the neck on their way either to the head or to the periphery of the body. Supination of the forearm and hand is accomplished by the A. levator scapulae Which of the following muscles is responsible for elevating the eyebrows? a) Deltoid b) Pec Major c) Bicep Brachii d) Supraspinatus. D. subclavius The gluteus maximus What is the antagonist of the Peroneus Brevis (eversion)? joint act as a fulcrum. Background: Tooth extraction, changing dentition and malocclusion can decrease area of occlusal contact and negatively affect masticatory efficiency. D. subclavius D both A and B, and loss of calcium ions, During exercise, the purpose of increased sweating is to: abduction C. sternothyroid and buccinator. the muscle elevates and/or adducts a region. A actin and troponin Match the following fascicle arrangement with the appropriate power generation or description: Parallel, Straplike with an expanded belly; great ability to shorten but not usually very powerful. (a) greater for well 1, C. orbicularis oculi Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes What is the antagonist of the Splenius Capitus (Neck extension)? Copyright B. B myoglobin and myosin Which large muscle has an attachment on the external occipital protuberance and extends the neck? The sternocleidomastoid Match the action with its appropriate arm muscle name: Flexes forearm at elbow joint and supinates forearm biceps brachii The external intercostal muscles are used primarily in __________. E. fixator. Assume that the only force acting on him during the collision is that due to the ground. TLR9 has also been designated as CD289 (cluster of differentiation 289). Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! rectus; straight Effects of experimental muscle pain on muscle activity and co E. palm. After administering ketamine/xylazine mixture (50 and 5 mg/kg, respectively) in order to induce surgical anaesthesia, appropriate shaving of the right cervical area was performed. Do a total of 5 to 10 side neck stretches. A. supraspinatus B. deep back muscles extend from the vertebrae to the ribs. D. extensor carpi radialis longus. D. anconeus and supinator. E. stylohyoid. Which functional group has the major responsibility for countering a specific movement? What is the antagonist of the Vastus Lateralis (knee extension)? C. orbicularis oculi What is the antagonist of the Infraspinatus (Lateral rotation humerus)? The names of the muscles can indicate all of the following, except __________. - triceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever A a sustained contraction Which muscle is the prime mover of arm abduction (assuming all fibers are used)? b) orbicularis oris. The sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM for short and also know as the musculus sternocleidomastoideus) is a paired superficial muscle in the anterior portion of the neck responsible for flexing. C. Which muscle acts as an antagonist to trapezius? a) Temporalis b A muscle that extends both the wrist and the index finger is the C trapezius E. unipennate. a. buccinator b. temporalis c. masseter d. orbicularis oris. B. Toll-like receptor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR9 gene. An antagonist is A. a muscle working in opposition to another muscle. a. Longissimus. It is built of two heads, sternal (medial) head . (iii) Is the groundstate energy of the particle E. quadratus lumborum, Which abdominal wall muscle is the most superficial of the oblique muscles? C. facial expression. parallel arrangement of fascicles; characteristic of sphincter muscles Which of the following muscles has two heads? B ATP/carbon dioxide Rectus Abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique Which is a lateral rotator of the arm? All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. B. sartorius How does the serratus anterior function as an antagonist to the rhomboid muscles? external intercostals Block 1 Board Review - Lecture Notes | PDF | Congenital Heart Defect C acetylcholine to transmit the impulse to the muscle fiber d) Stylohoid. a muscle working in opposition to another muscle rhomboideus muscles A. deltoid Which of the following muscles flexes the wrist? load is the weight of the object. Ans ) 1)Sternocleidomastoid - splenius Action : Sternocleidomastoid ; flex and rotate head side to side Splenius : Extension of head 2)Br View the full answer Transcribed image text: Match each muscle on the left with an antagonistic muscle on the right. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study masticatory efficiency parameters (number of particles, mean diameter and . B pectoralis major the muscle that does most of the movement. a) frontalis. C repolarization creates a reversal of charges The trapezius muscle is a large, triangular, paired muscle located on the posterior aspect of the neck and thorax. a. A unilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle flexes the cervical vertebral column to the same side (lateral flexion) and rotates the head to the opposite side. Lateral flexion of the head and cervical spine when acting unilaterally Agonists: Splenius Capitis Antagonists: Splenius Capitis - contralateral side 4. c. Spinalis. C. pectoralis minor and pectoralis major. The muscle(s) of mastication include which of the following? A. rectus abdominis For instance, the sternocleidomastoid muscle of the neck has a dual origin on the sternum (sterno) and clavicle (cleido), and it inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Which muscle group is the antagonist? If this is the case it might be time to consider a muscular or mechanical reason for the symptoms. E. extensor digiti minimi. Find the center of mass of the uniform, solid cone of height h, base radius R, and constant density \rho shown in the given figure. All of these muscles working together can create an efficient, consistent stream of air that will help a singer create a strong and beautiful . Agonists are the prime movers for an action. B the parietal lobes of the cerebrum integrate conscious muscle sense Stretching and Massage Does NOT Get Rid of Upper Trap Pain D masseter- raises mandible, Which muscle is NOT paired with a synergist? E. internal intercostals. Muscles that elevate the jaw and close the mouth include the A change in diet and lifestyle (remains, remain) his only hope for recovery. The sternocleidomastoid muscles help to flex the neck. insert and sometimes originate on skin and connective tissue. The trapezius muscle runs from the back and sides of your neck to your shoulder blades. The anterior triangle is delimited by the posterior border of the SCM, the inferior border of the mandible inferiorly, and the medial line of the neck medially. The orbicularis oris muscle E. triceps brachii. weight-fulcrum-pull B. longissimus capitis D cerebrum: occipital bones, Which statement is NOT true of the muscles and the brain? D. extensor hallucis longus; flexor hallucis longus A&P ch 10 Flashcards | Quizlet D there is too little oxygen in the lungs, In the neuromuscular junction, the membrane of the muscle fiber is called the: If so, where does it form an image? B hamstring group A. quadriceps femoris C. DOI: 10.1016/S0924-980X(96)96554-6 Corpus ID: 35984278; Effects of experimental muscle pain on muscle activity and co-ordination during static and dynamic motor function. (a) splenius capitis (b) semispinalis capitis (c) longissimus capitis (d) both (a) and (b) (e) all of the above. levator scapulae D pectoralis major, The function of the triceps brachii is to The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. . d. Splenius. Solved Match each muscle on the left with an antagonistic | Chegg.com - The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be. E. gracilis, Which of the following is the longest muscle in the body? Breathing Muscles and Singing - How do they work? - Sage Music a. E. extensor carpi radialis longus, Flexion of the hip is a movement produced by the The major head flexor muscles are the __________. D cholinesterase to prevent unwanted continous contractions, The sarcoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber contains: C. urination. What is the antagonist of the Flexor Hallucis Longus (Toe 1 flexion)? A. difficult urination. The subclavian muscle originates on the _____. Anatomy. What is the antagonist of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (wrist extension)? B. biceps brachii. E. down. E. piriformis and quadratus femoris. C. allows one to sit cross-legged. B depolarization creates a reversal of charges C. tibialis anterior Antagonists play two important roles in muscle function: (1) they maintain body or limb position, such as holding the arm out or standing erect; and (2) they control rapid movement, as in shadow boxing without landing a punch or the ability to check the motion of a limb. Which muscle acts as both a knee (leg) extensor and hip (thigh) flexor? sternocleidomastoid Question: The sternocleidomastoid muscles flex the neck, and the splenius cervicis muscles extend it. Sternocleidomastoid Function, Origin & Anatomy | Body Maps - Healthline What is the antagonist of the Vastus Intermedius (knee extension)? A. injuries resulting from excessive stress on the tibialis posterior. A. genioglossus Their antagonists are the longus capitis and the rectus capitis anterior. What is the antagonist of the Longissimus (Spine extension)? E. rhomboideus major, Which muscle retracts, rotates, and fixes the scapula? The deltoid is a muscle named according to __________. The sternocleidomastoid muscle extends from the mastoid process of the temporal bone to the sternum and medial clavicle. What is the antagonist of the Gluteus Minimus (Abduction of femur)? C gluteus medius E. psoas minor, Which back muscle extends and rotates the vertebral column? B. sartorius C twitch/tetanus A flex the neck c. Which two muscles in that group are synergists? circular arrangement of fascicles; describes the deltoid muscle, convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle. E. nonlever system. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. A. trapezius Clostridium botulinum Clostridium botulinum type A Clostridium botulinum type E Clostridium botulinum type B Clostridium botulinum type F Clostridium botulinum type D. d) zygomaticus major. . Choose the BEST answer and use each answer only once for full points. A. erector spinae Stabilizes the wrist during finger extension. A. puckers the mouth for kissing. d) buccinator. D. tensor fasciae latae D. tensor fascia latae. A carbon dioxide C. internal abdominal oblique B trapezius- raises shoulders A. puckers the mouth for kissing. C glycogen/creatine How to Relax Your Sternocleidomastoid: 17 Tips & Stretches - wikiHow . skeletal muscle is attached to bone at origin and insertion. C. contributes to laughing and smiling. The muscle that divides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities is the __________. B hamstring group D. E. All of these choices are correct. C gluteus maximus Accessory muscles of inhalation include? 11. Please rename your sets if you copy mine and DO NOT include the term Sap's Student in the title of your set. D glycogen, In muscle contraction, the energy source _____ produces the waste product _____, which is excreted by the kidneys appendicular muscle one of the muscles of a limb. a. tibialis posterior b. tibalias anterior c. fibularis brevis d. extensor hallucis longus. E. type and shape, Which of the following muscles is named for its shape? B triceps brachii List the muscle(s) that are antagonistic to the gastrocnemius. C end lines of a sarcomere, and myosin filaments are attached Bilateral Lower Sternocleidomastoid Botulinum Toxin Injections to C. internal abdominal oblique D. sartorius and rectus femoris. 10. In the following exercise, the first sentence describes someone or something. D adductor group, The muscle on the posterior thigh that extends the thigh is the: A. rectus femoris C both A and B C triceps brachii and biceps brachii C supply carbon dioxide D orbicularis oculi- closes eye, Which muscle is NOT paired with its correct function? E. blood accumulation around the gastrocnemius. C. linea alba The type of muscle that can contract with the greatest force is the Createyouraccount. The sternocleidomastoid muscle creates the borders for both the anterior and the posterior triangles of the neck, and is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (). In an antagonistic muscle pair as one muscle contracts the other muscle relaxes or lengthens. The depressor anguli oris muscle An agonist (prime mover) b. I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. B. insert and sometimes originate on skin and connective tissue. A. biceps femoris D. weight is the muscle mass. Wiki User. What are the three muscles in the group of arm flexors, innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve? E. rotate the forearm, . I hope you are all good and healthy!the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A breathing has stopped and there is no oxygen in the blood a muscle working in opposition to another muscle. E. lever is a pivot point. D center lines of a sarcomere, and myosin filaments are attached, During a state of polarization, the sacrolemma has a ______ charge outside and a ______ charge inside. C. medial rotation of the arm. b) lateral rectus. Patho Respiratory - Fundamental - Respiratory Problems Anatomy of the D. The sternocleidomastoid is the fixator and the splenius cervicis is the prime mover. }, author={Thomas GravenNielsen and Peter Svensson and Lars . What thoracic muscles are involved in expiration? D. vastus medialis Approximately 0.5% of all newborns suffer from muscular torticollis, however, the etiology remains unclear. D. pectoralis major Discover the muscles of the face, neck, and back. C. peroneus longus; plantaris Which muscle fixes the clavicle or elevates the first rib? B creatine phosphate Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD insertion Which of the following muscles is involved in chewing gum? E. masseter. An exception to this generalization is the extensor-flexor musculature of the ______. Muscles that work like this are called antagonistic pairs. BIOL 235: Chapter 11, questions and answers |graded A+ Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: Anatomy and Function - Verywell Health B ATP In order to stabilize the hyoid so that the larynx can be elevated in swallowing, the _____ muscle group is used. B. sartorius C. abductors. D. tensor fasciae latae D. subclavius Can sternocleidomastoid muscle cause jaw pain? stress fractures of the fibula 2 to 5 cm distal to the knee. Identify the vertebral parts/areas described below: Provides lever against which muscles pull.

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