difference between alexandrian and antiochene christology pdf

42 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 44 /H [ 940 297 ] /L 26946 /E 10052 /N 4 /T 25988 >> endobj xref 42 26 0000000016 00000 n The solution for Origen was to uphold the Mosaic Laws spiritual meaning, as elucidated through the work of Christ. i.e, word became flesh. The Alexandrian Christology is usually referred to as Christology from above, orLogos SarxChristology. (LogOut/ Dr. Pittenger's Criticism of the Alexandrine Christology.-In one place Dr. Pittenger admits that the Alexandrine and the Antiochene are two legitimate ways of thinking on the Person of our Lord, and that each of them will have adherents and admirers all the time. This was seen in Clements belief in the eternity of matter and thought, and in cosmic cycles predating the creation of the world. James O. Duke (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009), 1:174-78. In scriptural exegesis it placed more emphasis on the Early Church Battle Royale: Alexandria vs. Antioch These are the somatic, the psychic, and the pneumatic senses. Cyril insists that while of itself human nature is not powerful but passible, in its union with the godhead, as in the dynamic act of Incarnation, the human nature of the Logos thereby becomes an instrument of omnipotent power and thus, in a real thought paradoxical sense, an omnipotent instrument. 1 (2008), 95-110, The Lynching of Nestorius: Cyril, The Strongman of Alexandria, Created or uncreated: The influence of philosophy and cultural normatives on the development of opposing interpretations of Christ as Logos leading up to Nicaea, The Christology of Eutyches at the Council of Constantinople 448. Origens chief target was Marcion (ca. recommend Perfect E Learn for any busy professional looking to document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Alexandria Cirilo insiste en que Mara, la madre de Dios, debe ser llamada Theotokos. 0000007102 00000 n 0000000940 00000 n WebFrom 3rd to 4th century, Tertullian and Origen give a more complete doctrine of Christology. According to Marcion, the material world was created by an inferior deity known as a Demiurge, who revealed himself to the Hebrews and gave them a law of strict retributive justice. Digital Forensics. All the courses are of global standards and recognized by competent authorities, thus We follow a systematic approach to the process of learning, examining and certifying. 0000008565 00000 n successful learners are eligible for higher studies and to attempt competitive In spite of some of his more idiosyncratic conclusions, Origen developed an exegetical method that would have a profound impact on subsequent theologians. exams to Degree and Post graduation level. Philo used this allegorical approach to Scripture to prove that Moses was superior to any pagan philosophers. of the Alexandrian-Antiochene Schools of Thus, like his predecessors Philo and Clement, Origen believed that the essence of Mosaic Law is also found in natural law. 215 AD) was committed to the idea that all truth, whether in pagan or biblical sources, found its fulfillment in the reality of Christ. (LogOut/ develop their business skills and accelerate their career program. In scriptural exegesis it placed more emphasis on the Antiochene theology graduation. 0000002620 00000 n 0000005651 00000 n More often, however, Origen makes use of a merely twofold distinction between the literal sense and the spiritual sense, in accordance with Pauls terminology of letter and spirit (2 Cor. NIOS helped in fulfilling her aspiration, the Board has universal acceptance and she joined Middlesex University, London for BSc Cyber Security and My childs preference to complete Grade 12 from Perfect E Learn was almost similar to other children. Dictionary : ANTIOCHENE THEOLOGY He found, in the expressions Mother of God and God suffering, little more than an ignorant piety that had cut so many corners in its implications that it stood very close to pagan mythical conceptions of the deity. 0000008544 00000 n 0000008977 00000 n 845 (2012) 153-177. 3:6). Theological History of Two Natures/One Person, The rejection of the term Theotokos by Nestorius Constantinople, Nestorius did not intend to argue that Christ had a dual nature, but that view became labeled Nestorianism (PRO), The Two Is of Christ: Revisiting the Christological Controversy, El rechazo del trmino Theotokos por Nestorio de Constantinopla y la refutacin de su enseanza por Cirilo de Alejan, La Virgen Mara, Theotokos, y Cristo, verdadero Dios y verdadero Hombre. Christ had two natures. For Origen, fixation on the literal sense is precisely what led both Jews and Gnostics astray. Then, by way of comparison, I will examine in briefer compass the work of one representative of the Antiochene tradition, Theodore of Mopsuestia. John Anthony McGuckin (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004), 139. Externally, the schools are not as distinct as they have been made out to be: the Alexandrians do not allegorize away the OT as much as has been thought, and the Antiochenes are not necessarily more literal in their methods than the Alexandrians. Towards the aim, Perfect E learn has already carved out a niche for itself in India and GCC countries as an online class provider at reasonable cost, serving hundreds of students. MIRABILIA 17, Home Eletronic Journal of Antiquity & Middle Ages Journal of the Institut d' Estudis Medievals (UAB), Journal of Early Christian Studies 17.3 (2009): 381-419, Vigiliae Christianae 65.4 (2011): 376-407. Cyrils Single Subjectivity and the Prosopic Union., Nestorius and Cyril: 5th Century Christological Division and Re, The Volition of Christ: A Contextual and Philosophical Christology Study, THE CHRISTIAN PARADIGM OF A UNITED EUROPE Theologie and Mystique in the Work of Saint Cyril of Alexandria, CHRISTOLOGICAL THOUGHT OF THE SYRIAC FATHERS. 0000007720 00000 n Had a great experience here. From Monophysitism to Nestorianism - Cambridge Scholars [2] Even during his own lifetime, he would prove to be a controversial figure. Christology 0000005673 00000 n have discontinued my MBA as I got a sudden job opportunity after WebFrom 3rd to 4th century, Tertullian and Origen give a more complete doctrine of Christology. 120-146], The Mystery of the Impossible Union of Divinity and Humanity in Jesus Christ, "The Bishop of Rome and the Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon, AD 451: Why Pope Leo Is Doctrinal and Disciplinary Demands were Met," MA Thesis (2011), Duo filii and the homo assumptus in the Christology of Theodore of Mopsuestia: The Greek fragments of the Commentary on John., Is There Room for Two? Such a categorization would overlook the dual aspect of every text of Scripture. Alan J. Hauser and Duane F. Watson (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2003), 352. From Monophysitism to Nestorianism - Cambridge Scholars Alexandrian and Antiochian approaches to hermeneutics as [6] But such truth was often expressed in the form of enigmas, symbols, and allegories. But, our concern was whether she could join the universities of our preference in abroad. Cristo tena dos naturalezas. 185-254) was born in the Egyptian city of Alexandria to Christian parents. (LogOut/ Although Philo was Jewish, his impact would prove to be far greater on later Christian interpreters, such as Clement. WebANTIOCH, SCHOOL OF The common doctrinal tendencies, particularly in exegesis and Christology, that characterized the theological thinkers and writers who represented the Antiochian tradition. [18] Cf. He writes: The works which Paul repudiates and frequently criticizes are not the works of righteousness which are commanded in the law, but those in which they boast, who keep the law according to the flesh; that is to say, the circumcision of the flesh, the sacrificial rituals, and the observance of Sabbaths and new moon festivals. of the Alexandrian-Antiochene Schools of This method is set forth most explicitly in his work De Principiis (On First Principles), and is also evident in his numerous commentaries. ALEXANDRIAN WebANTIOCHENE THEOLOGY The dominant theology of the early Church in Antioch. The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the life and work of one representative of the Alexandrian tradition, Origen of Alexandria. Antiochene theology Quick Reference A modern designation for a style of theology associated with the Church at Antioch, contrasted with Alexandrine theology. Antiochene theology A term paper written on the prompt: "With reference to the dispute between Cyril and Nestorius evaluate the assessment that Antiochene and Alexandrian Christologies are ultimately incompatible." [17] All of these laws, however, were in some sense an expression of Gods unchanging moral will. WebCyril of Alexandria was not only one of the finest Christian theologians of his day, he also stands out in the ranks of the greatest patristic writers of all generations as perhaps the most powerful exponent of Christology the church has known. As a result, the Alexandrians tended to see Mosaic Law in terms of continuity, and the Antiochenes tended to see it in terms of discontinuity. In other words, For Nestorius, the language of the exchange of properties was generally suspect, and often odious. In Nestorius letter to Cyril, he argues that Cyril was right to teach the two natures were united in one person, and right to say that the divinity cannot suffer in itself, but that when he goes on to speak of the deity participating in suffering he undoes all his good work. [14] Origen was persuaded that all rational creatures, excepting young children,[15] were accountable to some law or another. Origens doctrine of the body seems to directly parallel his doctrine of biblical interpretation. 0000009443 00000 n Angels were bound to natural law,[16] Gentiles to natural and civil laws, Jews to natural and ceremonial laws, and Christians to the law of Christ. As a result, the Alexandrians tended to see Mosaic Law in terms of continuity, and the Antiochenes tended to see it in terms of discontinuity. Este es a la vez poderoso y frgil, majestuoso y humilde. If Jesus was only human, Cyril argues, and God was elsewhere, the Incarnation, the Word become flesh, would be meaningless. As Chau observes, The New Testament differs from the Old only in being a clearer, but not a fuller, manifestation of the spirit.[28], (See the conclusion of the paper in Part 2.). 0000007699 00000 n Theodore of Mopsuestia prefers to speak of the perfect union of Christs natures rather than synthesis. Online tuition for regular school students and home schooling children with clear options for high school completion certification from recognized boards is provided with quality content and coaching. Our Degree programs are offered by UGC approved Indian universities and recognized by competent authorities, thus successful learners are eligible for higher studies in regular mode and attempting PSC/UPSC exams. Cirilo insiste en que, si bien por s misma la propia naturaleza humana no es poderosa, sino pasible, en su unin con la divinidad, como en el dinmico acto de la Encarnacin, la naturaleza humana del Logos se convierte as en un instrumento del poder omnipotente, y, por tanto en un sentido real, aunque mentalmente paradjico, en un instrumento omnipotente. For Ariu s Christ was a creature, generated One of Origens fullest treatments of the Mosaic Law is found in his Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans. I Cirilo se sumerge en el debate con invectivas fuertes, remitiendo un documento Para Nestorio, el nuevo Judas. The New Testament describes the early controversy over the question of whether to circumcise Gentile believers (Acts 15). Some Facts About the Alexandrine Ch~istology Ontological and dynamic aspects of deification through participation ( ) to the divine life, [Mitropolia Olteniei Journal 2014, Special Issue pp. and Antiochene christology [14] Riemer Roukema, Law of Nature, in The Westminster Handbook of Origen, ed. [8] On the other hand, Mark Edwards has recently argued in his book Origen against Plato that Origen denies many of the fundamental tenets of Platonism. I strongly [11] Jews insisted on the total application of Mosaic Law, while Gnostics repudiated Mosaic Law altogether, but both camps were guilty of carnal exegesis. The contemporary historian Socrates called Nestorius a proud and ignorant man whose innate and undisputed oratorical power masked a weakness of incisive thought. the 10/12 Board In their Christology they stressed the divinity of Christ. There is no record of a formal school such as apparently existed at alexandria, although lucian of antioch directed his didascalion and Diodore of Tarsus his WebAlexandrian and Antiochian approaches to hermeneutics as deployed by John Chrysostom and Gregory of Nyssa as they work with the Beatitudes Typically, the view of Alexandrian and Antiochian hermeneutics has been one of dichotomy: Alexandrians were allegorical, and Antiochians were literal-historical. This article questions the value of the categories the school of Antioch and Antiochene christology on the basis of the significant theological differences between the two central figures in the school: John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia, both of whom studied together at the school of Diodore of Tarsus in the late fourth century. This desire to avoid both the Scylla of Judaism and the Charybdis of Gnosticism (or better, Marcionism) set the stage for a multiplicity of Christian approaches to Mosaic Law. tuition and home schooling, secondary and senior secondary level, i.e. Origen, Contra Celsum, 1.4-5; 5.37. Alexandria Externally, the schools are not as distinct as they have been made out to be: the Alexandrians do not allegorize away the OT as much as has been thought, and the Antiochenes are not necessarily more literal in their methods than the Alexandrians. In particular, I will focus on his Commentary on Romans and show how his hermeneutical distinction between letter and spirit favors the continuity of Mosaic Law in Christian ethics. However, it is not the final step. in KSA, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman and Bahrain. Ever since its inception, the church has struggled to understand the proper place of Mosaic Law in Christian ethics. Alexandrian Alexandria En una carta a Cirilo, Nestorio sostiene que Cirilo tena razn al ensear que las dos naturalezas de Cristo se unieron en una sola persona, y que tambin acertaba al decir que la divinidad no puede sufrir en s misma, pero que cuando contina diciendo que la deidad participa en el sufrimiento, l echa a perder toda su buena obra. Where Presbyterian faith meets postmodern culture. Christology [4] The difference between the two non-literal senses is that the psychic concerns day-to-day ethical living, while the pneumatic concerns higher theological and christological truths. Alexandria had it's own form of Christology, that defined the Human Nature in the Hypostatic Union to be a generic human nature, and this was in contrast (although not incompatible) with the Antiochene Christology that define's Christ's Human nature as a specific human being. For instance, Wai-Shing Chau writes that Origen was operating on a Middle-platonic scheme, as is evident in his notions concerning the Father as the supreme mind, the existence of intermediaries between mind and the material world, and the pre-existence of the soul. WebAlexandrian and Antiochian approaches to hermeneutics as deployed by John Chrysostom and Gregory of Nyssa as they work with the Beatitudes Typically, the view of Alexandrian and Antiochian hermeneutics has been one of dichotomy: Alexandrians were allegorical, and Antiochians were literal-historical. WebAlexandrian and Antiochene theologians were expedient hermeneuts, meaning they utilized whichever exegetical practice (allegory, typology, literal, historical) that would supply them with their desired theology or interpretive conclusion. Quite the contrary, Origen believes that the letter of the Mosaic Law brought the beginnings of life to humanity. The Christology of the Fourth Letter of Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite: Chalcedonian or Monophysite? This is why Origen can speak of Christian baptism as the spiritual equivalent of circumcision (Calvinists were not the first to make this connection!). Cyril plunges into the debate with sharp invective, addressing one document To Nestorius, the new Judas. Christology Nestorius was enthroned as archbishop on April 10th 428. [13] It is also Christianitys oldest surviving commentary on Romans, predating by about 150 years the second oldest commentary, written by John Chrysostom. and Antiochene christology Philo, a wealthy first-century Jew, was well known for his efforts to integrate Greek philosophy and Jewish theology. Due to the papers original length, I will split it into two parts (Part 2 can be read here). Change). As mentioned above, Origen does not dismiss the literal meaning of Scripture. WebAntiochene exegetes tended to insist more than their Alexandrian counterparts on the importance of seeing each biblical passage in its context within the longer narrative of Israels history, and to search for practical, moral applications, while Alexandrian interpreters tended to be more interested in the theological and spiritual meaning. "Abstract. While the Alexandrian school adopted the "hypostasis union" or the "nature union" of the These and works of a similar nature are the works by which he says no one can be saved[21], Three observations ought to be noted here. But the relationship between these two senses is like that between an earthenware vessel and a treasure hidden inside. Nestorius was enthroned as archbishop on April 10th 428. The difference between Alexandria and Antioch was not exegetical; it was theological. This sets up another important distinction in Origens conception of Mosaic Lawnamely, that between the ceremonial law and the moral law. Edwards also questions the common assumption that Origen held to a doctrine of the pre-existence of the soul. I will show how the distinction between law and gospel in his Commentary on Galatians favors the discontinuity of Mosaic Law. Early Church Battle Royale: Alexandria vs. Antioch [18] In fact, throughout his Romans commentary, Origen arguesthat Paul speaks more often of natural law than Mosaic Law. In these works, Origen describes a threefold distinction in the meanings of Scripture, which correspond to body, soul, and spirit. [7], Such was the heritage of Origens forbears. Por otro lado, el trmino Anthropotokos reconoce que Mara es la madre de este hombre, pero dicho trmino puede en s mismo dar a entender que l no es ms que un hombre, lo cual de nuevo es ofensivo a la fe cristiana ortodoxa en la deidad de Cristo. St. Vladimirs Theological Quarterly 52, no. 0000009410 00000 n 0000001237 00000 n Therefore, Origen understands the contrast between law and gospel not as one of judgment versus mercy, but rather imperfect religion versus perfect religion. 16 and 33, Vetus Latina: Aus der Geschichte der lateinischen Bibel (Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany: Herder, 1990-1998). Our online courses offer unprecedented opportunities for people who would otherwise have limited access to education. The Letter and the Spirit: A History of Interpretation from Origen to Luther (New York: Peter Lang, 1995), 16. i.e, word became flesh. 0000008123 00000 n He was endowed with a brilliant mind and a zeal for orthodoxy, but sometimes his efforts to combat heresies would cause him to over-correct in heterodox directions. Thomas Scheck (Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2002), 1-2. [12] This is the only commentary of Origens to have survived from beginning to end, even though it has been significantly truncated in the Latin translation of Rufinus of Aquileia (only a few scattered fragments of the original Greek still exist). Grace is the essence of Sinai, but it is veiled until Calvary. 0000004287 00000 n Dictionary : ANTIOCHENE THEOLOGY [] Note: this is the second part of a paper originally written for a class on the History of Biblical Interpretation at Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia. First, it is a mistake to simply say that for Origen, ceremonial laws are literal, and moral laws are spiritual. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. [4] Elizabeth Lauro, Reconsidering Origens Two Higher Senses of Scriptural Meaning: Identifying the Psychic and Pneumatic Senses, in Studia Patristica 34, ed. 0000000867 00000 n On the one hand, Jewish interpreters insisted on the total and literal application of Mosaic Law, compelling Christians to defend the supremacy of the revelation of Christ. Origens defense of Mosaic Law in his Commentary on Romans is rather complex, and it may be helpful to analyze his argument topically, in terms of various distinctions that he makes. Some Facts About the Alexandrine Ch~istology WebCompatibility of Antiochene and Alexandrian Christology - Read online for free. Alexandrians vs. Antiochenes on Mosaic Si Jess era humano, argumenta Cirilo, y si Dios estaba en otro lugar, la Encarnacin, la Palabra hecha carne, carecera de sentido. l encontr en las expresiones Madre de Dios y Dios sufriente poco ms que una devocin ignorante que haba cortado tantos ngulos en sus implicaciones, hasta el punto de haberse quedado muy cerca de las concepciones mticas paganas de la deidad. Jesucristo era plenamente humano y plenamente divino. Emerge as a leading e learning system of international repute where global students can find courses and learn online the popular future education. WebThe notion that there existed a distinction between so-called Alexandrian and Antiochene exegesis in the ancient church has become a common assumption among theologians. Alexandrian One important distinction is that between Mosaic Law and natural law. WebThe Antiochenes looked at Scripture for moral improvement; the Alexandrians sought theosis through contemplative reading. It would be a mistake to say that the literal sense of a text was irrelevant for Origen; rather, discerning the literal sense was the necessary means by which one could attain the spiritual sense. On the other hand, Gnostic interpreters often denigrated Mosaic Law by ascribing it to an inferior deity, compelling Christians to defend the inspiration and authority of the Old Testament. The letter brings death when it is separated from the spirit, and when it is turned into an end in itself rather than a means to the end of spiritual obedience. 0000007081 00000 n For Ariu s Christ was a creature, generated In Cyrils letters against to Nestorius, Cyril not only defends the title Theotokos against accusations that it was reviving the heresy of Apollinariusm, but he denies the very legitimacy of using alternative Christological schemes a such as the association of personas the Antiochian thinkers had spoken of. For him, God the Logos raised the dead Lazarus, while the man Jesus wept at the tomb. WebAlexandria as they had his teacher Origen, but Arius almost single-handedly ushered in an era in which the church was well-nigh intoxicated with Christology, though he did so from a Trinitarian perspective and did not waste much time on the articulation between Christs disparate natures. May 30, 2018 by Kyle Dillon 2 Comments. This makes it an invaluable resource on early Christian understanding of Mosaic Law. [9] These tenets include the participation of created objects in eternal, incorporeal Forms, the impossibility of predicating truth about God, and the transmigration of the soul. John Anthony McGuckin (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004), 140-41. [22], Second, Origen believes that the letter of the law is unattainable. Antiochene side. ALEXANDRIAN Such blending of Greek and Jewish categories is also seen in his handling of Mosaic Law. On the other hand, the term Anthropotokos acknowledges that Mary is the mother of this man but can itself be taken to suggest that he is merely a man, which again is offensive to orthodox Christian faith in the deity of Christ. It was generally in contrast with and sometimes opposed to the theology of Alexandria. The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the life and work of one representative of the Alexandrian tradition, Origen of Alexandria. WebANTIOCH, SCHOOL OF The common doctrinal tendencies, particularly in exegesis and Christology, that characterized the theological thinkers and writers who represented the Antiochian tradition. Hb```5x(1a.@qgUn+870p005x@g2b)(| OL

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