intramuscular injection sites in dogs and cats

Allergies: Atopic Dermatitis (Airborne) in Dogs and Cats. Stick the needle into the container and inject the air inside. Animal Welfare Education Tool to Create Syllabus for Animal Welfare Course (AVMA), 34. b. Injections can be made via intradermal (ID), subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), or intravenous (IV) routes. 1|fU=lhT~=ie>K /7w/k$e}t}GKi^k,3I[L3Ig:MTZj%ZgFn+0&%onj2L&Lrk.mtw:Gj,;O*G/c.|W>]ig"nx v6if[nv'/eRfJ{BWO0#$M(K@Y This can cause soreness, which can make your pet more uncomfortable with each regular stick. Can this medication be given to this species? 0000004353 00000 n Use for phrases You will add to your knowledge base daily, know where to look things up from trusted sources, Google can lead you astray, In general here are the recommended angles of needle insertion for Intradermal, Subcutaneous, and Intramuscular Injections, the angle of the needle helps to inject in the proper location. The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955, Vaccine Failure and Other Adverse Events in Animals, Last review/revision Jul 2020 | Modified Nov 2022. 0000031365 00000 n The following may help you make your decision. Can this medication be given by this route? 0000003028 00000 n 0000033570 00000 n 0000002320 00000 n Is there a holding time for this species? Adjustment with the touch. Single-use, disposable needles ensure that the needle tip is very sharp to minimize pain. If you decide to provide this treatment to your dog, your veterinarian will review the specific technique and make sure that you are comfortable with it. If your pet is uncomfortable after an intramuscular injection, dont give it any more. Veterinary Clinical Skills Compendium Copyright by Susan Spence. Effective administration of medicine is a key part of most veterinary treatments and many medications are most effective when given by injection. 0. A positive action for insertion of needles into muscles reduces muscle damage and pain and massaging the site after injection disperses the injection and may help to reduce pain. You should be especially careful about choosing the right syringe size for intramuscular injections. As a result, testing an animals serum for antibodies may not enable differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Depending on the vaccination, youll need a combination of powder and liquid. All Rights Reserved. Nebulised drugs can be used for the treatment of respiratory disease and administration by this route allows rapid penetration to the local site where they are to have their action. The viral infection alone is not life-threatening but predisposes read more , parainfluenza 3 virus Parainfluenza-3 Virus Bovine herpesvirus 1 infections are widespread in the cattle population. Others can be injected into a vein (intravenous, or IV injection) or into a muscle (intramuscular, or IM injection). For easier injections, grab some of that skin to make a skin tent.. Allergic Conjunctivitis in Dogs and Cats. Although it is not possible to devise precise schedules for each vaccine, certain principles are common to all methods of active immunization. Then, you can give the best shot possible! In addition, the veterinarian can be sure an animal has received the appropriate dose of vaccine. The commonly adopted technique and site for intramuscular injection in the cat are described, and the often resulting inadequacy and risk are discussed. And how much pain can IMs cause? With a little practice, however, most pet owners find that they have no problems administering routine injections to their dog without assistance. Neonatal animals are protected against disease caused by that specific pathogen while sufficient maternal antibodies are present. IM vaccines are generally given in the thick muscle at the back of the thighs. Newborn animals are passively protected by maternal antibodies and, in general, cannot be vaccinated until maternal immunity has waned. Abbreviations are often used for injection routes, e.g. Standard size needles recommended are 18 to 20-gauge needle from 1 to 1.5 inches long. You should use a clean, straight movement when inserting the needle, and never push too deep. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Vet Manual outside of North America. I accidentally pricked myself while giving my pet an injection. Drugs given into muscles are absorbed very quickly because there is a good blood supply to muscle tissue. However, manufacturers have recognized this and modified vaccines accordingly. Learning motor skills, the basics (Evertoon), 2. In fact, it can lead to infection. Local Anesthetic Intradermal Injections, 48. An intravenous injection (IV injection), into a vein, provides the fastest method of drug distribution. Dog and cat Fitting a Muzzle (PDF, 959kB) Restraining a Cat for Blood Sampling (PDF, 614kB) Using a Slip Lead (PDF, 1,060kB) Making a Skin Tent for a Subcutaneous Injection (PDF, 703kB) Administering Subcutaneous Injections (PDF, 628kB) Canine Prostate Examination (PDF, 788kB) Lifting and Restraining a Dog (PDF, 1,264kB) If you have the choice, the SQ method is the safest and easiest way to give vaccines, but some vaccines can only be given intramuscularly. However, this may not be practical for all clients. 0000029283 00000 n 0000013765 00000 n Vaccines may differ significantly in their composition, and although all may induce immunity in the short term, it cannot be assumed that they confer equal long-term immunity. What should I do? The area may bleed a little bit. However, the use of nebulised drugs means that the patient must breathe air containing the drug. How to Learn Motor Skills-Helpful Hints, 3. These areas of the dogs body have fewer pain receptors, making them a great choice for IMs. What are the contraindications for this medication? Cystocentesis Practice Model and FNA Model, 19. In contrast to subcutaneous injections, intramuscular injections are more preferred because they allow for a faster absorption of medication. Your email address will not be published. 0000019303 00000 n The Journal of small animal practice. Single surgeon 4 quarter/corner drape, large paper drape, Ioban adhesive skin protector, 30. Make sure you read the release form that youll receive from the vet so that you can be sure the shot is safe. Risks and complications Intramuscular injections may also cause an abscess or gangrene at the injection site, depending on the specific medication and amount administered. Introduction-what exactly is a clinical skill? Enter search terms to find related veterinary topics, multimedia and more. Administer the contents of the syringe quickly and withdraw the needle. Most injectable medications given at home are done subcutaneously (known as an SC or SQ injection), which means the medicine is injected directly under the skin. Make sure that the needle is sterile and is inserted into the muscle at an angle of about 45 degrees. Within a group of animals, there may be a great difference between the shortest and longest duration of protection. Unfortunately, these techniques require handling each individual animal. It is important to check that the needle has not accidentally been placed in a blood vessel (particularly an artery) in the muscle, before giving the injection. Share on Facebook . Additionally, a used needle can be painful for your dog. Try offering the pet an appropriate treat (based on your vets recommendation, as certain health conditions have dietary restrictions) as a distraction while you administer the injection. The skin should be slightly loose at this area. In addition to respiratory signs, decreased egg production and egg quality are common, and nephritis read more and Newcastle disease Newcastle Disease in Poultry Newcastle disease is an infection of domestic poultry and other bird species with virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Contact your vet for advice. The duration of immunity claimed by a vaccine manufacturer is the minimal duration supported by the data available at the time of approval. vN4@ -u[bEj'D&dZ}_AXUA^lZhJ&$,kdw$`d1hO4P. Dog Restraint for Lateral Saphenous Blood Draw/IV Catheter, 17. This practice can lead to soreness and can make your pet uncomfortable. https://instagram.com/mustafajabbarofficial?igshid=wdffyg3zyl62 https . The veterinarians instructions or the label on the container will tell you the volume of medication that needs to be injected. Medicine. Canine & Feline IM Injections This article will answer your questions about IM administration in dogs. Individual animal and vaccine variability make it difficult to estimate the duration of protective immunity. SUMMARY Confidosetm IM Auto-Injector Submitter's Name, Address, Telephone Number, Contact Person and Date Prepared . When administering an intramuscular injection to your dog, its essential to have a good technique. 0000012952 00000 n The most common method of vaccine administration is by SC or IM injection. 1. If stimulation of immunity is deemed necessary at this stage, the mother may be vaccinated during late pregnancy, timing the doses so that peak antibody levels are reached at the time of colostrum formation. Both natural infection and vaccination induce a protective immune response. Certain medical conditions can be controlled by the use of drugs that are only available in an injectable formulation. It is important to note that modified live vaccines against viruses that cause abortion should not be used in pregnant animals, because the vaccine itself may cause abortion. Previous: Approach to Pet and Owner and Basic Pet Handling/Restraint Next: SQ injections Intramuscular injections are more painful than subcutaneous ones. After your dog is positioned, insert the needle. Subcuticular/Intradermal-within the skin, ex) local anesthetic drugs, TB testing. %%EOF Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Fortunately, there are some ways to avoid these risks. 0000033974 00000 n It is a worldwide problem that presents primarily as an acute respiratory read more. Giving them intravenously can be risky and may cause a side effect. Combination vaccines that save considerable time and effort are also commonly used in dogs and cats. The needle used for subcutaneous injections should be 0.5 to 1 inch in length. Be sure to look up medication in a veterinary drug formulary to double check indication, dose, side effects and contrary use indications as well as medication incompatibility, drug withholding time for food animals is absolutely vital as well as what drugs are forbidden to use in food animal species, as well as where to inject in food animal species so as not to disrupt or contaminate certain cuts of meat. Make sure that the needle is angled downward at about 30 to 45 degrees. All Rights Reserved. 209.59.143.216 The standard size needles to use for canine injections are 21 to 23-gauge needle, 1 to 1.5 inches long. Female Dog Urethral Catheterization- Using Vaginal Speculum, 16. Copyright 2023 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. When this is done, testing the animal for antibodies to this specific antigen enables DIVA to occur. Epaxial (lumbodorsal) muscles are on either side of the lumbar vertebrae. 213 2422 20, Subcutaneous ('under the skin') injection. Optional (or non-core) vaccines protect animals against sporadic, mild, or uncommon diseases and should only be used when circumstances warrant and when the benefits clearly outweigh the risks involved. Most pets become accustomed to having the injection and will stay calm and still during the procedure. If you have a nervous dog, enlist the assistance of another person or call the veterinary clinic to get instructions on restraining the dog. IM injections for canines are generally performed in the thigh muscles on the front of the rear limb or the hamstring muscles on the backside of the rear leg. Drinking water vaccines are increasingly employed in large swine operations. Single surgeon 4 quarter/corner drape, large paper drape, Ioban adhesive skin protector, 30. Here is some information on administering injections to animals. Dog Restraint For Cephalic Blood Draw/IV Catheter, 18. Under some circumstances this may result in significantly improved vaccine effectiveness. Owners are not often called upon to give intramuscular injections but they may be asked to hold their pet while it receives one. California Vet Supply can provide you with more than just the advice in this article. The viral infection alone is not life-threatening but predisposes read more , infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Bovine herpesvirus 1 infections are widespread in the cattle population. Click to reveal 0000062989 00000 n 5 0 obj <> endobj Also, it can help reduce the amount of time the drug remains in the muscle. To give the injection, create a small pocket of skin behind your dogs shoulders. This route is not suitable for administration of irritant medications as they may cause severe skin reaction and damage. Avoid pinching the skin too hard with your fingers. By intramuscular injection sites in dogs and cats. However, passive antibody titers decrease exponentially. Dry the skin and apply a bandage. A couple of tips may help ensure that your pet is comfortable throughout the process. Modified live vaccines, however, may induce a protective primary immune response and some immunologic memory. Verify and double check everything. Please confirm that you are a health care professional. If your dog needs a vaccine between their yearly visits, a good option is to attend a low-cost vaccine clinic. In feedlot cattle, the respiratory form is most common. 2. Be extremely cautious while administering intramuscular injections because the sciatic nerve is located in the middle of the leg. Dog Restraint for Lateral Saphenous Blood Draw/IV Catheter, 17. Its better to risk a short period of hypoglycemia than a prolonged period of hyperglycemia. Even killed viral vaccines may protect some animals against disease for many years. The most frequently used sites for IV injections in the dog are the cephalic and lateral saphenous veins. Some clients find that it is easiest to give their dog an injection while he is eating a meal. Want to create or adapt books like this? All rights reserved. A positive action for insertion of needles into muscles reduces muscle damage and pain and massaging the site after injection disperses the injection and may help to reduce pain. SOP: INJECTIONS IN DOGS AND CATS 2 i. Quadriceps IM injections 1. This concern is unfounded. Dog Restraint For Cephalic Blood Draw/IV Catheter, 18. Veterinary Clinical Skills Compendium Copyright by Susan Spence. All Rights Reserved. For felines, the skin over the middle of the back or just behind the shoulders works well. Many therapeutic and diagnostic agents used in veterinary medicine must be injected parenterally in animals (fluids, biologics, medications, test agents). ex) adult heart worm treatment in dogs-lumbar muscle, some vaccines in horses-neck or rear leg muscles, vaccines in cattle/pigs-neck muscles just distal to the ear. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. The injection is given to a tented area on the pets shoulder, which is the least sensitive area. Intramuscular IM Injection Sites for Dogs and Cats. Then thoroughly wash your finger with soap and water for 5 minutes, preferably using a soft nail brush on the affected area. 2023 Bishops Stortford Vets Registered in England 07961322 VAT No. In dogs, the appropriate sites for intramuscular injections include the quadriceps, lumbodorsal, and triceps muscles. 0000006940 00000 n Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Dermatologic Lesion Documentation and Description, 51. Feline Ovariohysterectomy Student Study Guide, Assessment Rubric and DETAILED STEPS, 28. ALWAYS look it up! Inactivated vaccines are not very effective in conferring protective immunity in the face of maternal antibodies. Published 1 May 1973. tissue under the skin (subcutaneous injection), body cavities, i.e. Your IP: Types of Injections Subcutaneous Injections for Dogs and Cats; 0000006144 00000 n Massage will increase circulation and help the body heal itself. Use of a fine needle minimizes discomfort. Make sure the area is clean and dry, and that you can reach the top of the dogs back without causing your dog to become uncomfortable. Optional vaccines may include canine coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, Bordetella bronchiseptica, leptospirosis, and Lyme disease. Some vaccines may induce immunity that persists for an animal's lifetime. 0000014188 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n Insulin Syringes Difference between U 100 and U 40 and Emergency Conversion Chart, 54. It may also relieve some of the discomforts of the injection for the dog. Intramuscular injections are more painful than subcutaneous ones. How to Add or Remove Contacts from Kids Messenger Account ; Step #1. Lift the skin on the dogs shoulder and insert the syringe into the tented area. o [pig guinea] Be sure not to place your hand or finger over the plunger of the needle in case your dog suddenly moves and pushes your hand, resulting in the contents being wasted or injected accidentally. Withdraw the needle carefully. SHARES. Different formulations of injection are used for the different routes and it is particularly important not to administer an injection directly into the blood unless it is specifically recommended for this route. Insert the needle swiftly into the fold of skin, with the needle angled downwards at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle. Intranasal vaccines, e.g. Certain proteins and other molecules of these invaders are known read more . Because of the complexity of many disease syndromes or to avoid giving animals multiple injections, it is common to use mixtures of organisms in single vaccines. Because the precise time of loss of maternal immunity cannot be predicted, young animals must usually be vaccinated multiple times to ensure successful immunization, and appropriate biosecurity measures should be used until immunity develops. Before administering the shot, make sure your dog is still awake and comfortable. Use OR to account for alternate terms Bladder Stones (Struvite) in Dogs Blastomycosis is a Systemic Fungal infection Affecting Dogs and Cats Bloat - The Mother of All Emergencies Bloat: First Aid Bloody Nose (Epistaxis) in Dogs and Cats Bones are Unsafe for Your Dog, No Bones about It Brachial Plexus Avulsion in Dogs and Cats It is usually preferable to take the used needles and syringes to your veterinary clinic or local pharmacy for proper disposal. 39 kilogram is equal to 85.98028218 pounds. It is now common practice to rate vaccines according to their importance. This may even include injections, one of the best methods for providing medication to animals. You might end up accidentally giving your dog the drug and causing more damage. Use to remove results with certain terms It is normal for most dogs to have a bit of a limp or walk funny after getting an intramuscular injection to the leg area. This is because intramuscular tissue is rich with blood and the medication absorbs more rapidly this way. 1. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. What happens if I 'miss' with an injection? This problem can be resolved by removing a nonprotective antigen from the vaccine. o [ canine influenza] Describe adverse effects of vaccines and vaccination in dogs, cats, and horses; . However, local immunity is sometimes more important than systemic immunity, and in these cases it is more appropriate to administer the vaccine at the site of microbial invasion. It will also help the tissues contract and increase the blood supply to the area. IM injections should be given using a shorter needle than subcutaneous injections. Our massive online inventory is filled with over-the-counter syringes and needles of all sizes, as well as a wide variety of medications. the abdominal cavity (known as intraperitoneal injection) or thoracic cavity (known as intrapleural injection), the quadriceps (muscle on the front of the thigh), lumbodorsal muscles (muscles either side of the lumbar spine). Dogs and Cats . Good technique minimizes this but even so, many animals will react to the injection. Having someone assist you will make the procedure easier. The duration of this memory depends on multiple factors, such as the nature of the antigen, the use of live or dead organisms, the adjuvants used, and the route of administration. Performance & security by Cloudflare. There are some dogs that might even limp for a bit after being groomed. Most commonly used in cats but also acceptable for small dogs (the volume is fairly large for IM injection in medium-large dogs) Quick tip: The combination is generally dosed as approximately 0.1-0.2 mL per 4.5 kg (10lb) patient body weight of each drug. Affiliate of Mars Inc. 2023 | Copyright VCA Animal Hospitals all rights reserved. VIEWS. Injection into muscle is not without some risk since there are many important structurese.g. 4 0 obj A simple serologic assay such as ELISA will provide this differentiation and enable eradication to proceed in the presence of vaccination. Intramuscular injections in dogs can be performed on the quadriceps, lumbodorsal, or triceps muscle. x[r}WSjJpM]1SIIe"Zr)_srqYIT r=;w\6-+wtvswesUU6"9rrwSuEeYV>K& r+ Vs{ky-'|v?B^i^4E`)LU2mUYVL \T]X Domestic animals have plenty of loose skin so it is very simple to lift a flap of skin and insert a needle into the subcutaneous tissue.

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